Over the last several years, testing has been a major point of contention between parents and the education establishment (both federal and state). Especially as states have responded to federal mandates by administering unvalidated assessments aligned to the Common Core national standards, parents across the country have begun, with varying degrees of success, to opt their children out of those assessments. The Every Student Succeeds Act perpetuates the federal testing mandates, so the opt-out movement will continue.